From: pnguyen@VNET.IBM.COM Date: Mon, 26 Jun 95 20:09:17 EDT Newsgroups: soc.culture.vietnamese Subject: KNCB ve^` Ma.ng Nhe^.n Toa`n Ca^`u (WWW) ================================================== Kha'i Nie^.m Co+ Ba?n ve^` Ma.ng Nhe^.n Toa`n Ca^`u A Basic Introduction of World Wide Web I- Lo+`i Mo+? DDa^`u Nha^n loa.i tu+` nga`n xu+a dda~ ti`m va` pha't minh mo.i ca'ch dde^? tho^ng tin lie^n la.c vo+'i nhau\. Vie^.c va^.n chuye^?n tin tu+'c tu+` mo^.t no+i na`y to+'i mo^.t no+i kha'c tha^.t la` ca^`n thie^'t va` ca^`n pha?i co' trong ba^'t cu+' mo^.t xa~ ho^.i na`o\. Phu+o+ng ca'ch tho^ng tin lie^n la.c ra^'t dda da.ng va` phong phu'. Nhu+~ng phu+o+ng ca'ch tho^ so+ ddo+n gia?n nhu+ phu+o+ng ca'ch truye^`n mie^.ng, da'n nhu+~ng ba?n tho^ng ba'o, ca'o thi., mang tin dde^'n nhu+~ng no+i kha'c ba(`ng ca'ch ddi bo^., ngu+.a, chim bo^` ca^u, thuye^`n be`. Nha^n loa.i dda~ ca?i tie^'n phu+o+ng ca'ch tho^ng tin lie^n la.c nga`y ca`ng nhanh cho'ng va` vo+'i so^' lu+o+.ng tin tu+'c nhie^`u ho+n bo^.i pha^`n. Nhu+~ng pha't minh ve^` phu+o+ng ca'ch truye^`n thanh nhu+ ma'y radio, ddie^.n thoa.i va` truye^`n hi`nh nhu+ ma'y TV (television), va^.n chuye^?n thu+ tu+` ba(`ng ma'y bay, gu+?i thu+ ba(`ng ddie^.n ti'n v.v. dda~ giu'p cho vie^.c tho^ng tin lie^n la.c ra^'t hu+~u hie^.u va` nhanh cho'ng. Su+. pha't minh ra ma'y vi ti'nh va` su+. hi`nh tha`nh cu?a Ma.ng Lu+o+'i Tho^ng Tin Toa`n Ca^`u (Internet) dda~ mo+? ra mo^.t ky~ nguye^n mo+'i cho vie^.c tho^ng tin lie^n la.c. Tu+` mo^.t ma'y vi ti'nh mo'c no^'i va`o Ma.ng Lu+o+'i Tho^ng Tin Toa`n Ca^`u (MLTTTC) ngu+o+`i su+? du.ng co' the^? gu+?i va` nha^.n tin tu+'c tu+` kha('p no+i tre^n the^' gio+'i vo+'i kho^'i lu+o+.ng tin tu+'c kho^?ng lo^` va` tho+`i gian to^'i thie^?u\. Trong tho+`i gian va`i na(m ga^`n dda^y chu'ng ta ddang chu+'ng kie^'n mo^.t su+. kie^.n co' the^? go.i la` mo^.t cuo^.c ca'ch ma.ng ddo^?i mo+'i tre^n Ma.ng Lu+o+'i Tho^ng Tin Toa`n Ca^`u\. Vie^.c thay ddo^?i to lo+'n na`y la` vie^.c tha`nh la^.p cu?a Ma.ng Nhe^.n Toa`n Ca^`u (WWW). II- Ca^'u Ta.o cu?a Ma.ng Nhe^.n Toa`n Ca^`u (WWW) Ma.ng Nhe^.n Toa`n Ca^`u la` gi`? Ma.ng Nhe^.n Toa`n Ca^`u ddu+o+.c ta.m di.ch tu+` World Wide Web (thu+o+`ng ddu+o+.c vie^'t ta('c la` WWW) la` mo^.t he^. tho^'ng cung ca^'p tin tu+'c mo'c no^'i la.i vo+'i nhau ba(`ng ca'c ma'y vi ti'nh tra?i ro^.ng tre^n kha('p the^' gio+'i du+.a tre^n Ma.ng Lu+o+'i Tho^ng Tin Toa`n Ca^`u\. Nho+` va`o Ma.ng Nhe^.n Toa`n Ca^`u ngu+o+`i su+? du.ng co' the^? ti`m kie^'m nhu+~ng tin tu+'c hoa(.c ta`i lie^.u hu+~u i'ch dde^? ho.c ho?i, tham kha?o, nghie^n cu+'u mo^.t ca'ch tha^.t la` nhanh cho'ng. Su+. lo+'n ma.nh va` pho^? bie^'n sa^u ro^.ng cu?a MNTC mo^.t pha^`n lo+'n la` nho+` va`o su+. de^~ da`ng su+? du.ng va` re? tie^`n cu?a no'. Khi mo'c no^'i va`o MNTC ngu+o+`i su+? du.ng se~ co' ca?m gia'c la` mi`nh ddang ddi va`o mo^.t thu+ vie^.n kho^?ng lo^` trong ddo' co' chu+'a ddu+.ng ta^'t ca? nhu+~ng gi` mi`nh muo^'n bie^'t va` muo^'n ddo.c ve^` ba^'t cu+' dde^` ta`i gi`. Mo^.t su+. kie^.n quan tro.ng kha'c cu?a Ma.nh Nhe^.n Toa`n Ca^`u la` no' co' kha? na(ng di chuye^?n ta`i lie^.u cu`ng vo+'i hi`nh a?nh va` a^m thanh. Co' the^? no'i Ma.ng Nhe^.n Toa`n Ca^`u cung ca^'p cho ngu+o+`i su+? du.ng ha^`u he^'t nhu+~ng nhu ca^`u ca^`n thie^'t tre^n Ma.ng Lu+o+'i Tho^ng Tin Toa`n Ca^`u nhu+ la` telnet, ftp, Archie, Gopher, Multimedia\. Ma.ng Nhe^.n Toa`n Ca^`u ddu+o+.c ba`nh tru+o+'ng nhanh cho'ng la` do su+. lie^n ke^'t (link) cha(.t che? va` de^~ da`ng cu?a ca'c ma'y phu.c vu. Ma.ng Nhe^.n (Web Servers). Ca'c ma'y na`y su+? du.ng nghi thu+'c HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) ddu+o+.c ta.m di.ch la` Nghi Thu+'c Chuye^?n Ta?i Lo^. Ngu+~ dde^? di chuye^?n ta`i lie^.u\. Chu'ng ta cu~ng ne^n bie^'t ra(`ng Nghi Thu+'c Chuye^?n Ta?i Lo^. Ngu+~ ddu+o+.c ho^? tro+. bo+?i Nghi Thu+'c TCP/IP la` mo^.t nghi thu+'c ca(n ba?n va` cha('c cha('n trong He^. Tho^'ng Tho^ng Tin Toa`n Ca^`u\. III- Nhu Lie^.u Quan Sa't Ma.ng Nhe^.n (Web Browser) Tha^.t kho' ma` du`ng lo+`i le~ dde^? no'i he^'t nhu+~ng ddie^`u hay va` phong phu' cu?a Ma.ng Nhe^.n Toa`n Ca^`u\. DDie^`u to^'t nha^'t dde^? cho mo.i ngu+o+`i hie^?u va` tha^'y ca'i gia' tri. cu?a Ma.ng Nhe^.n Toa`n Ca^`u la` su+? du.ng no'. Su+. tham gia va`o Ma.ng Nhe^.n Toa`n Ca^`u kho^ng qua' kho' kha(n nhu+ chu'ng ta tu+o+?ng ma` chi? ca^`n mo^.t ma'y vi ti'nh ddu+o+.c mo'c no^'i va`o Ma.ng Lu+o+'i Tho^ng Tin Toa`n Ca^`u (Internet) va` nhu lie^.u Quan Sa't Ma.ng Nhe^.n (Web Browser). Vi` su+. u+'ng du.ng quan tro.ng cu?a MNTC cho ne^n lie^.u Quan Sa't Ma.ng Nhe^.n dda~ ddu+o+.c hoa`n tha`nh tre^n nhie^`u He^. Tho^'ng DDie^`u Khie^?n (Operating System) kha'c nhau thi' du. nhu+ DOS, OS/2, Unix, Mac, VM, CMS v.v. Ngoa`i ra nhu+~ng co^ng ty thu+o+ng ma~i cung ca^'p di.ch vu. Internet cu~ng tha`nh la^.p nhu lie^.u Quan Sa't Ma.ng Nhe^.n rie^ng dde^? phu.c vu. kha'ch ha`ng cu?a ho.. Va`i nhu lie^.u Quan Sa't Ma.ng Nhe^.n ra^'t ddu+o+.c pho^? bie^'n nhu+ Mosaic, Netscape, Cello, Web Explorer v.v. IV- Su+? Du.ng nhu lie^.u Quan Sa't Ma.ng Nhe^.n 1) Mo'c no^'i to+'i ma'y phu.c vu. Ma.ng Nhe^.n Khi ngu+o+`i su+? du.ng du`ng nhu lie^.u Quan Sa't Ma.ng Nhe^.n dde^? ti`m tin tu+'c thi` tru+o+'c nha^'t nhu lie^.u na`y se~ mo'c no^'i va`o mo^.t Trang Go^'c (Homepage) cu?a mo^.t ma'y phu.c vu. Ma.ng Nhe^.n dda~ ddu+o+.c bo^' tri' sa(~n hoa(.c ngu+o+`i su+? du.ng co' the^? mo'c no^'i tha(?ng to+'i Trang Go^'c cu?a mo^.t ma'y phu.c vu. Ma.ng Nhe^.n kha'c ba(`ng ca'ch du`ng Universal Resource Locator (URL) ddu+o+.c ta.m di.ch la` Phu+o+ng Pha'p Ti`m Tin DDo^`ng Nha^'t. Xin chu' y' la` trong ca'c ta`i lie^.u sa'ch vo+? kha'c nhau, URL co`n ddu+o+.c ddi.nh nghi~a la` Unified Resource Locator hoa(.c Uniform Resource Locator. Ha^`u he^'t nhu+~ng ha~ng xu+o+~ng, tru+o+`ng ho.c, co+ quan, ho^.i ddoa`n na`o co' mo'c no^'i va`o Ma.ng Lu+o+'i Tho^ng Tin Toa`n Ca^`u dde^`u co' mo^.t hoa(.c nhie^`u ma'y phu.c vu. Ma.ng Nhe^.n. Ca'ch thu+'c mo'c no^'i to+'i nhu+~ng ma'y phu.c vu. Ma.ng Nhe^.n nhu+ sau: http://host/path host tu+'c la` te^n cu?a ma'y phu.c vu. Ma.ng Nhe^.n va` path la` no+i Trang ta`i lie^.u ngu+o+`i su+? du.ng muo^'n coi\. Thi' du.: http://www.vnet.org hoa(.c la` http://arganet.tenagra\.com/viet Sau dda^y la` ddi.a chi? URL cu?a va`i tra.m phu.c vu. Ma.ng Nhe^.n quan tro.ng: http://info\.cern.ch http://www.ncsa\.uiuc.edu Chi~ da^~n: Tho^ng thu+o+`ng ca'c ha~ng xu+o+~ng hoa(.c co+ quan tru+o+`ng ho.c lo+'n dde^`u co' tra.m phu.c vu. Ma.ng Nhe^.n. DDi.a chi? URL thu+o+`ng ddu+o+.c ba('t dda^`u ba(`ng chu+~ www va` te^n vu`ng cu?a ddi.a chi? ddie^.n thu+ (domain name). Thi' du. nhu+ ha~ng IBM co' te^n vu`ng trong ddi.a chi? ddie^.n thu+ la` ibm.com. Nhu+ va^.y ne^'u ghe'p vo+'i chu+~ www thi` se~ tro+? tha`nh www.ibm.com. Tha`nh ra ngu+o+`i su+? du.ng co' the^? ddoa'n ddu+o+.c ddi.a chi? URL cu?a ha~ng IBM se~ la`: http://www.ibm.com Mo^.t thi' du. kha'c nhu+ tru+o+`ng dda.i ho.c UC Davis ta.i Calofornia co' te^n vu`ng cu?a ddi.a chi? ddie^.n thu+ la` ucdavis.edu\. Vo+'i ca'ch thu+'c tre^n thi` ddi.a chi? URL cu?a tru+o+`ng dda.i ho.c UC Davis se~ la`: http://www.ucdavis.edu 2) Ca'ch tri`nh ba`y cu?a nhu+~ng trang ta`i lie^.u Ta`i lie^.u ta.i mo^~i ma'y phu.c vu. Ma.ng Nhe^.n ddu+o+.c tri`nh ba`y ba(`ng nhie^`u trang ta`i lie^.u\. Trang dda^`u tie^n ddu+o+.c go.i la` Trang Go^'c (Home page) la` trang ta`i lie^`u ddu+o+.c tri`nh ba`y dda^`u tie^n tre^n mo.i ma'y phu.c vu. Ma.ng Nhe^.n. Ha^`u he^'t nhu+~ng ha~ng xu+o+~ng, tru+o+`ng ho.c, co+ quan, ho^.i ddoa`n na`o co' mo'c no^'i va`o Ma.ng Lu+o+'i Tho^ng Tin Toa`n Ca^`u dde^`u co' mo^.t hoa(.c nhie^`u ma'y phu.c vu. Ma.ng Nhe^.n. Nhu+~ng trang ta`i lie^.u na`y (Web pages) ddu+o+.c tri`nh ba`y theo lo^'i phu+o+ng pha'p HyperText Markup Language (HTML) ddu+o+.c ta.m di.ch la` Phu+o+ng Pha'p DDa'nh Da^'u Lo^. Ngu+~ (PPDDDLN). PPDDDLN na`y cho phe'p ngu+o+`i soa.n nhu+~ng trang ta`i lie^.u ddu+o+.c xe^'p dda(.t hi`nh a?nh, chu+~ vie^'t, ma`u sa('c va` lie^n ke^'t vo+'i nhu+~ng trang ta`i lie^.u kha'c o+? no+i ddo' hoa(.c o+? mo^.t trang ta`i lie^.u na(`m o+? mo^.t ma'y phu.c vu. Ma.ng Nhe^.n kha'c. Tha^.t ra ngu+o+`i su+? du.ng nhu lie^.u Quan Sa't Ma.ng Nhe^.n kho^ng ca^`n pha?i bie^'t nhu+~ng va^'n dde^` lie^n ke^'t ddo'. Ngu+o+`i su+? du.ng chi? tha^'y trang ta`i lie^.u ddu+o+.c tri`nh ba`y dde.p dde? vo+'i nhu+~ng hi`nh a?nh va` ta`i lie^.u ddu+o+.c tri`nh ba`y vo+'i nhie^`u kie^?u chu+~ kha'c nhau dde^? la`m no^?i ba^.t chi tie^'t. Nhu+~ng pha^`n hoa(.c nhu+~ng chu+~ quan tro.ng ddu+o+.c la`m no^?i ba^.t ba(`ng mo^.t ma`u kha'c tho^ng thu+o+`ng la` ma`u xanh. Nhu+~ng no+i dda(.c bie^.t na`y ddu+o+.c lie^n ke^'t to+'i mo^.t trang ta`i lie^.u kha'c o+? no+i ddo' hoa(.c ta.i mo^.t no+i kha'c dde^? tri`nh ba`y cho ngu+o+`i su+? du.ng nhu+~ng chi tie^'t mo+'i\. Nhu+ va^.y chu'ng ta tha^'y ra(`ng vie^.c su+? du.ng nhu lie^.u Quan Sa't Ma.ng Nhe^.n ra^'t la` de^~ da`ng. Ngu+o+`i su+? du.ng chi? ca^`n ddo.c va` cho.n nhu+~ng pha^`n nhu+~ng chu+~ lie^n quan dde^'n nhu+~ng gi` mi`nh muo^'n bie^'t va` nhu lie^.u Quan Sa't Ma.ng Nhe^.n se~ du`ng ca'ch lie^n ke^'t dde^? mang nhu+~ng ta`i lie^.u tu+` nhu+~ng no+i xa xa(m tre^n the^' gio+'i dde^'n cho ngu+o+`i su+? du.ng ma` ngu+o+`i su+? du.ng kho^ng ca^`n pha?i ti`m kie^'m. Va`i thi' du. nhu+ ba('t dda^`u ta.i mo^.t ma'y phu.c vu. Ma.ng Nhe^.n ta.i mo^.t no+i na`o ddo' tre^n nu+o+'c My~, su+. lie^n ke^'t cu?a nhu+~ng trang ta`i lie^.u co' the^? da^~n ngu+o+`i su+? du.ng to+'i nhu+~ng hi`nh a?nh li.ch su+?, nhu+~ng tranh a?nh no^?i tie^'ng ta.i Paris, Pha'p. Hoa(.c nhu+~ng trang ta`i lie^.u tri`nh ba`y ve^` tho+`i tie^'t ta.i Ho^`ng Co^ng, lua^.t le^. ta.i Ta^n Gia Ba, nhu+~ng ba`i die^~n va(n no^?i tie^'ng cu?a li.ch su+? Hoa Ky`, nhu+~ng du+. lua^.t ddang ba`n tha?o ta.i Quo^'c Ho^.i Hoa Ky` v.v. Ta^'t ca? nhu+~ng ta`i lie^.u ddo' ddie^`u ddu+o+.c lie^n ke^'t bo+?i Ma.ng Nhe^.n Toa`n Ca^`u\. Ngoa`i vie^.c giu'p ngu+o+`i su+? du.ng ti`m kie^'m ta`i lie^.u de^~ da`ng, nhu lie^.u QSMN co`n giu'p ngu+o+`i su+? du.ng nhu+~ng vie^.c ca^`n thie^'t kha'c nhu+ dde^? da`nh nhu+~ng ta`i lie^.u va`o ma'y vi ti'nh cu?a ngu+o+`i su+? du.ng, hoa(.c gu+?i ta`i lie^.u ddo' to+'i ba^'t cu+' no+i na`o ba(`ng phu+o+ng pha'p DDie^.n Thu+ (E-Mail), hoa(.c in ta`i lie^.u ddo' ra tre^n gia^'y\. Xin chu' y' la` vi` khi su+? du.ng nhu lie^.u QSMN, co' nhie^`u trang ta`i lie^.u co' trang tri' hi`nh a?nh nhu+ va^.y se~ ta.o ra cha^.m cha.p vi` so^' lu+o+.ng ti'n hie^.u cu?a hi`nh a?nh ra^'t nhie^`u\. Ne^'u ngu+o+`i su+? du.ng kho^ng nha^'t thie^'t ca^`n coi nhu+~ng hi`nh a?nh thi` ho. co' the^? ra le^.nh cho nhu lie^.u QSMN kho^ng lu+u chuye^?n hi`nh a?nh ve^` ma'y vi ti'nh cu?a ho. va` vie^.c na`y se~ giu'p cho vie^.c ddo.c ta`i lie^.u se~ nhanh cho'ng ho+n nhie^`u\. V- Nhu+~ng tra.m phu.c vu. Ma.ng Nhe^.n cho ngu+o+`i Vie^.t Tre^n Ma.ng Lu+o+'i Tho^ng Tin Toa`n Ca^`u so^' lu+o+.ng ngu+o+`i Vie^.t tre^n the^' gio+'i tham gia ra^'t ddo^ng dda?o\. Do ddo' co' nhie^`u ho^.i ddoa`n hoa(.c nho'm chuye^n gia dda~ tha`nh la^.p ra nhu+~ng no+i lu+u tru+? ta`i lie^.u tre^n Ma.ng Nhe^.n Toa`n Ca^`u dde^? phu.c vu. co^.ng ddo^`ng Vie^.t Nam ta.i ha~i ngoa.i\. Sau dda^y la` va`i no+i dda(.c bie^.t: 1) VietNet DDi.a chi? URL: http://www.vnet.org DDa^y la` mo^.t trong nhu+~ng no+i dda(.c sa('c nha^'t trong nhu+~ng tra.m phu.c vu. Ma.ng Nhe^.n cho ngu+o+`i Vie^.t tre^n MNTC. O+? dda^y ta`i lie^.u ddu+o+.c tri`nh ba`y ro~ ra`ng, hi`nh a?nh dde.p, no^.i dung phong phu' vo+'i nhie^`u dde^` ta`i kha'c nhau truye^.n nga('n, thu+ vie^.n ky~ thua^.t vo+'i nhu+~ng ta`i lie^.u ky~ thua^.t ba(`ng tie^'ng Vie^.t, ta^.p tho+ cu?a thi si~ Tra^`n Trung DDa.o, Xua^n Die^.u, DDinh Hu`ng, Ha`n Ma(.c Tu+?, Pha.m Thie^n Thu v.v., tuye^?n ta^.p cu?a ha`ng tra(m ba`i nha.c Vie^.t Nam ddu+o+.c u+a chuo^.ng nha^'t, tu? sa'ch ddie^.n tu+?, tu+? vi ddo^ng phu+o+ng, nhu+~ng hi`nh a?nh dda(.c sa('c cu?a dda^'t nu+o+'c que^ hu+o+ng Vie^.t Nam v.v. Ngoa`i ra VietNet co`n ddu+o+.c lie^n ke^'t vo+'i nhu+~ng tra.m phu.c vu. Ma.ng Nhe^.n cu?a nhu+~ng ddoa`n the^?, ho^.i ddoa`n kha'c tre^n the^' gio+'i\. DDie^?m ca^`n chu' y' la` VietNet co`n co' the^m pha^`n cho phe'p ngu+o+`i su+? du.ng ddo.c ddu+o+.c nho'm tin Vie^.t Nam tre^n Nho'm Tin Toa`n Ca^`u (USENET) hoa(.c nhu+~ng nho'm tin kha'c. VietNet co`n co' nhie^`u ta`i lie^.u dde^? giu'p ddo+? ngu+o+`i su+? du.ng hie^?u ro? ve^` nhu+~ng dde^` ta`i lie^n quan dde^'n Ma.ng Lu+o+'i Tho^ng Tin Toa`n Ca^`u\. DDie^?m dda(.c bie^.t la` VietNet dda~ co' sa(~n nhu+~ng mo^'i lie^n ke^'t vo+'i nhie^`u tra.m phu.c vu. Ma.ng Nhe^.n hu+~u i'ch kha'c tre^n Ma.ng Nhe^.n Toa`n Ca^`u giu'p cho ngu+o+`i su+? du.ng ti`m ta`i lie^.u nhanh cho'ng ho+n. 2) Nho'm chuye^n gia TriChlor DDi.a chi? URL: http://www.vnet.org/Trichlor DDa^y la` no+i ma` ngu+o+`i su+? du.ng se~ hie^?u ro? nhie^`u ho+n ve^` nho'm chuye^n gia TriChlor. Nhu+~ng chuye^n gia cu?a nho'm na`y dda~ ta.o ra nhie^`u nhu lie^.u ra^'t i'ch lo+.i cho ngu+o+`i Vie^.t. Ta.i dda^y ngu+o+`i su+? du.ng se~ co' di.p xem xe't nhie^`u nhu lie^.u hu+~u i'ch nhu+ nhu lie^.u vie^'t tie^'ng Vie^.t theo Nghi Thu+'c VISCII la` mo^.t trong nhu+~ng da.ng tie^'ng Vie^.t tho^ng du.ng nha^'t, nhu lie^.u ba('t lo^~i chi'nh ta~ cho tie^'ng Vie^.t, nhu lie^.u ti`m nga`y (Li.ch), tho+ va(n, ca nha.c v.v. Nhu+~ng nhu lie^.u na`y dda~ ddu+o+.c ta.o tha`nh dde^? co' the^? cha.y tre^n nhie^`u He^. Tho^'ng DDie^`u Khie^?n (OS) kha'c nhau\. DDie^`u ne^n chu' y' la` hie^.n nay nho'm TriChlor dda~ va` ddang ta.o ra nhie^`u phong (font) dde^? giu'p ngu+o+`i su+? du.ng nhu lie^.u Quan Sa't Ma.ng Nhe^.n co' the^? ddo.c ddu+o+.c chu+~ Vie^.t ngay tre^n nhu lie^.u QSMN. 3) Nho'm Vie^.t Nam ta.i Clear Lake City DDi.a chi? URL: http://arganet.tenagra\.com/viet Ta.i no+i dda^y co' nhu+~ng hi`nh a?nh ca'c to+` gia^'y ba.c cu?a chi'nh phu? Vie^.t Nam Co^.ng Ho`a ra^'t dde.p. No+i dda^y cu~ng ddu+o+.c lie^n ke^'t vo+'i nhu+~ng trang ta`i lie^.u cu?a Ho^.i Ky~ Thua^.t Kho^ng Gian Vie^.t Nam (Vietnamese American Space Technology Association - VASTA). Trang ta`i lie^.u no+i dda^y co`n co' nhie^`u chi tie^'t ve^` nhu+~ng dde^` ta`i dda(.c sa('c kha'c ddang ddu+o+.c hoa`n tha`nh. Ngu+o+`i su+? du.ng co' the^? du`ng mo^'i lie^n ke^'t o+? no+i dda^y dde^? dde^'n nhu+~ng tra.m phu.c vu. Ma.ng Nhe^.n kha'c tre^n Ma.ng Nhe^.n Toa`n Ca^`u\. -------------------- Phuong Thanh Nguyen Network Routing Systems Networking Systems IBM, Research Triangle Park E-Mail: pnguyen@vnet.ibm.com =============================================================== Ta`i Lie^.u Tham Kha?o: - Internet Unleashed - SAMS - Spinning The Web - VNR - Access The Internet - SYBEX =============================================================== Tu+` ngu+~ ta.m di.ch: World Wide Web (WWW): Ma.ng Nhe^.n Toa`n Ca^`u Link: lie^n ke^'t Web browser: Nhu lie^.u Quan Sa't Ma.ng Nhe^.n HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP): Nghi Thu+'c Chuye^?n Ta?i Lo^. Ngu+~ Universal Resource Locator (URL): Phu+o+ng Pha'p Ti`m Tin DDo^`ng Nha^'t HyperText Markup Language (HTML): Phu+o+ng Pha'p DDa'nh Da^'u Lo^. Ngu+~ =============================================================== Note: Any use of this article must have author's permission =============================================================== -- +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ | Hope you have a "phuongtastic" day ;-) PHUONG@RTP.VNET.IBM.COM | +-----------------------------------------------------------------+